The Organic Garden

Shared by Heather Gallagher

Naturalist

heather.gallagher@nashville.gov

August 2021

When is the organic garden at it's peak?

We hear this question throughout the growing season every year, and I guess it really depends on your point-of-view.

Do you enjoy sifting the composted soil and planting the seeds of the spring garden in January? Then that's YOUR peak!

Volunteer Ro sifting the compost to be used to start new seeds.

Planting spring veggies in 2010 (before we had raised beds).

Planting the spring garden in 2021

Or do you prefer to get your hands dirty planting tomatoes with the post-hole diggers in May, placing the roots and stems deep in the ground? 

Volunteers and staff planting tomatoes

I think we all agree that the peak of the garden is in late August to early September. That's when the squashes, including gourds, pumpkins, beans, tomatoes and peppers really start producing. 

Yellow squash

Beans, beans and more beans!

Kellogg's Breakfast Tomato from 2020 garden

Cherokee Purple Tomatoes have a unique purple meat!

We tout these as "ornamental peppers," but some folks have the taste for them!

Volunteers and staff have maintained the Nature Center's Organic Garden for over 40 years, implementing small changes for maximum efficiency and production. But one thing stays the same: only organic methods. This includes but is not limited to:

• Planting only organic, heirloom seeds in organic, composted soil.

Welcome to the world, little beet seedlings!

• Fertilizing only with Sea Spray and Mycorrhizal stimulants and, of course, leaves. 

Staff and volunteers mulch the garden after it is planted as well at the end of the season, usually around November. 

• Hand-picking predators such as aphids, squash bugs, tobacco hornworms and cabbage worms.

Yellow aphids will inject a toxin into your plants that cause the leaves to curl and die. This is an especially important predator to look out for when your plants are young. 

Squash bug eggs are easy to identify: copper beads placed on your squash plants in a group. Squash bug nymphs are white with 6 legs; they don't fly yet, so they are easy to remove. 

Tobacco hornworms can eat all of the leaves from your tobacco species in a matter of days. 

Yellow cabbage butterflies will lay eggs on your broccoli, cauliflower and kale. The eggs hatch into caterpillars that eat your favorite spring leaves!

Enjoy the Organic Garden on your own, or download our Organic Gardening and Housekeeping brochure to give you more insight into our methods. 

One way or another, get out and celebrate the harvest of early fall at the Nature Center. 

Interested in volunteering in our Organic Garden?

Check out our Organic Living brochure

More Than Monarchs

Shared by Melissa Donahue, Naturalist

melissa.donahue@nashville.gov

Photos by Melissa Donahue

Early August 2021

Common Milkweed blooming

The fall session of the Monarch Butterfly Monitoring Project at the Nature Center has begun.  One day a week, from August until mid-October, I look under milkweed leaves for Monarch eggs, caterpillars and hopefully, not too far away, a chrysalis.  To my delight I’ve found that there is so much more to milkweed than Monarchs.  Let’s look at who you can find on the milkweed plant.

Milkweed Longhorn Beetle   

Large Milkweed Bugs

It’s hard to miss these brightly colored insects. Like the Monarch larva, these insects have evolved to feed on the white, sticky sap of the milkweed plant as a defense mechanism.  This sap contains chemicals that are toxic to most animals.  Large milkweed bugs  feed on milkweed plant matter, seeds, and nectar.  The adults overwinter in leaf litter.  If they live in a cold northern climate the bugs will migrate to the central states for the winter.  Some of these adults migrate north in early summer.  Eight species of the Longhorn Beetle all use milkweed as a hostplant.  These beetles make squeaking noises when disturbed by rubbing together rough spots on their thorax.  You can tell you have a Milkweed Beetle present when you see the chew holes on the tips of milkweed leaves.

Long-legged Fly

Leatherwing Soldier Beetle

Two frequent visitors to milkweed leaves are this Shiney Long-legged Fly and orange and black Leatherwing Beetle.  Both these insects are beneficial to the milkweed.  Leatherwing beetles, a type of soldier beetle, are common on milkweed flowers where they consume nectar and pollen.   Both the larva and adult stages of this insect prey on aphids and other soft bodied insects often found on milkweed. Long legged Flies are small to medium sized predators.  They are common in meadow communities where they can be seen running over leaves in search of prey, which consists mostly of smaller insects.  Males of this family often perform elaborate mating dances.

Katydid

   

    Grasshopper      

You will have to look closely to find these two insects.  Both the Katydid and Grasshopper like to hide under milkweed leaves.  Their green color is the perfect camouflage.  These insects are mostly herbivores but will eat spiders, caterpillars and other small insects if they need food.  Because these animals are shy, you can play hide and seek.  They move around the leaf and stem as you try to get a good look at them.

 

Milkweed Tussock Moth caterpillar              

The Milkweed Tussock Moth is a type of tiger moth.  The female moth lays dozens of eggs  in fuzzy clutches on milkweed leaves.  After hatching, young larvae stay together, often completely defoliating milkweed plants.  When the orange and black warning color tufts appear the caterpillars are often solitary.  Over wintering as a pupa,  this colorful caterpillar grows into a plain silver to grayish brown nocturnal moth  Like the Monarch, Milkweed Bug, and Milkweed Beetle, the Milkweed Tussock Moth has evolved to use the milkweed as a host plant.  

 Monarch egg                     

 

Monarch larva

Milkweed is known for being the host plant to Monarch butterflies.  If you see a Monarch flying from leaf to leaf she may be laying eggs.  Monarchs lay eggs one at a time on milkweed plants, most commonly on the underside of a leaf.  Watch a female monarch closely and you will be able to find the egg after she lays it.  The eggs hatch in 3 – 5 days in warm temperatures.  The caterpillars eat, grow and molt their outer skins four times going through five instars.  In late summer the caterpillars are ready to  pupate 14 -18 days after the eggs are laid.  The butterfly emerges about 10 days after the chrysalis is formed. In middle Tennessee, we see Monarch eggs in the spring and late summer.  

These are just a few of the many insects you will find on a milkweed plant.  There are many other insects as well as spiders that call the milkweed home. If you’re on a walk in the park and you come across a milkweed plant, be sure to take the time to look under the leaves and along the stems, you’ll be amazed at what you find.

Watch a video exclusively about the Monarch life cycle